Academic Research Journal on Health Information Management

Vol. 6(3), pp. 79-89, September 2025

ISSN: 2734-2190

https://doi.org/10.14662/arjhim2025150

 

Full Length Research

 

 

Inclusive Value Clarification Technique: Teaching Physical and Health Education to Students in Public Junior Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria.

 

1Amwe, Racheal Asibi, 2Owojaiye, Sunday Oni and 3Ndubuisi Iroham Sylvester

 

1Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of Jos. Corresponding author’s E-mail: amweracheal44@gmail.com 2Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jos 3Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC), Abuja, Nigeria.  

Corresponding author’s E-mail: amweracheal44@gmail.com  

Accepted 22 September 2025

Abstract

Abstract: The paper presents inclusive value clarification teaching techniques: teaching Physical and Health Education to students in public junior secondary schools in Kwara State. The study explores how male and female teachers integrate VCT across various health education topics, including first aid, personal health, nutritional health, and sex education, using pupil-to-pupil, student-to-student, and on-the-spot assessment techniques. The descriptive survey research method was adopted for the study. The population for the study was eight hundred (800) teachers drawn from forty (40) public junior secondary schools across all Local Government Areas in Kwara State. Purposive sampling was used to selects the sample for the study comprising of a total of 400 males and 400 females’ teachers. The instrument used for data collection is the Value Clarification Technique Inventory “VCTI” with a content validity index of 0.72 and a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data was analyzed using spearman ranking order at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a moderate positive relationship between male and female teachers in the application of VCT in teaching first aid (ρ = 0.54), personal health (ρ = 0.51), and sex education (ρ = 0.51). However, a weaker correlation (ρ = 0.37) was found in the application of VCT in teaching nutritional health, suggesting inconsistencies in its implementation. The study highlights the importance of VCT in fostering critical thinking, decision-making, and participatory learning among students. It recommends enhanced teacher training, curriculum standardization, and the integration of interactive teaching methods to ensure the effective and consistent application of VCT in physical and health education. Future research should explore factors influencing variations in VCT application and its impact on student learning outcomes.

 

Keywords: Inclusive Value Clarification Technique, Physical and Health Education and Public Secondary Schools.

Paper type: research